A framework for supporting crowds in electronic
arenas
This deliverable, introduces a framework for supporting crowds within
electronic arenas. This includes support for crowds of participants (i.e.,
human users), in terms of activating crowd member facilities and providing
aggregate views of crowds to be seen at low awareness, as well as support
for simulating crowds. It therefore integrates techniques that are being developed
at Nottingham and EPFL respectively. The framework consists of four components.
The crowd formation component is concerned with detecting the existence of
crowds within electronic arenas, characterising them, triggering their formation
and subsequently managing their membership. The crowd member facilities component
introduces various effects of crowds on a participantıs awareness and interaction,
including effects on navigation and access control. The crowd simulation component
is capable of simulating crowds based upon a simple crowd behaviour model
that may be parameterised with the number of crowd members, their goals, emotional
status and levels of dominance. A key aspect of the framework is that locally
rendering such a crowd simulation provide a low cost alternative to transmitting
and rendering the activities of many individual participants when seen at
a distance or at a low level of interest. Finally, the system configuration
component exploits crowds in order to allocate network resources, manage consistency
and perform system optimisations.
Authors: Steve Benford (Nottingham), Soraia Musse (EPFL), David Lloyd
(Nott), Chris Greenhalgh (Nott), Chris Brown (Nott) and Daniel Thalmann (EPFL)
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